Financial risks

The central tasks of the HUGO BOSS Group include coordinating and managing internal financing requirements, ensuring the financial independence of the Group as a whole and mitigating financial risks.

The HUGO BOSS Group is mainly exposed to financing and liquidity risks, interest rate risks, currency risks and credit risks as well as tax and pension risks. These risks are subject to continuous and intensive control. The development of exposures is constantly monitored, quantified and – if necessary – hedged in order to mitigate accounting risks.

Financing and liquidity risk

Managing liquidity risks is one of the central tasks of the treasury department of HUGO BOSS AG. Liquidity risk is the risk that existing or future payment obligations cannot be settled in terms of timing, volume or currency due to a lack of cash. The HUGO BOSS Group manages this risk centrally. To ensure the Group's liquidity and financial flexibility at all times, financial requirements are determined based on a three-year financial planning and monthly rolling liquidity planning broken down by currency with a planning horizon of up to one year. These are then secured using lines of credit and liquid funds.

The HUGO BOSS Group successfully refinanced the syndicated loan that expired in May 2013 using a new syndicated loan. The new syndicated loan, which was granted by a syndicate of banks, has a total line of credit of EUR 450 million and a term of five years. It is intended for general corporate financing and comprises a fixed tranche of EUR 100 million and a revolving tranche of EUR 350 million. HUGO BOSS has thereby secured its long-term financial flexibility. Apart from the fixed tranche of EUR 100 million, a further EUR 11 million had been drawn from tranche subbranches as of the reporting date.

The existing syndicated loan agreement contains standard covenants requiring the maintenance of total leverage. A breach of covenants would lead to the early termination of the agreement. Even if general economic conditions deteriorate, HUGO BOSS does not see any risk of breaches of financial covenants.  Net assets and financial position, Financing

Apart from the syndicated financing line of credit, HUGO BOSS has short-term bilateral lines of credit amounting to EUR 111 million, which afford even greater flexibility.

The syndicated as well as the bilateral lines of credit contain customary conditions that grant the contracting parties additional termination rights in the event of a change of control.

In addition to the line of credit amounting to EUR 561 million as of December 31, 2013, the Group had liquid funds of EUR 119 million as of the reporting date. These funds are generally held as call deposits and time deposit investments. In addition, the HUGO BOSS Group mitigates financing and liquidity risks further using a cash pooling mechanism. Based on the amounts drawn from the lines of credit, the cash situation and the cash pooling mechanism in place, management deems the occurrence in the case of financing and liquidity risks to be unlikely and the financial impact to be minor.

Interest rate risks

Market-driven fluctuations in interest rates impact future interest income and payments on cash balances and liabilities subject to variable interest on the one hand. On the other hand, they also influence the market value of financial instruments. Significant changes in interest rates can therefore affect profitability, liquidity and the financial position of the Group.

The financial liabilities of the HUGO BOSS Groups are mostly subject to variable interest rates and have short-term fixed-interest periods. The resulting interest rate risk also poses a cash flow risk with implications for the amount of future interest payments. To minimize the effects of future interest volatility on borrowing cost, derivative financial instruments in the form of interest rate swaps are used for the most part. Derivatives designated to an effective hedge within the meaning of IFRS impact equity in the event of interest rate changes. Derivatives that are not designated to such a hedge are posted to profit or loss. As of the reporting date, derivatives amounting to EUR 100 million were designated as effective interest rate hedges for the syndicated loan agreement within the meaning of IFRS.

Moreover, opportunity effects can arise. These result from the recognition of non-derivative financial instruments at amortized cost rather than at fair value. The opportunity risk is the difference between both values, although this is neither reported in the statement of financial position nor in the income statement.

Owing to the continued low interest rates, the shift in the interest yield curve of +100/-30 basis points as in the prior year was repeated in the reporting year in order to avoid negative interest and present realistic scenarios in the analysis of interest rate sensitivity as of the reporting date. Given the underlying exposures to the euro, yen and Chinese renminbi, HUGO BOSS considers this change to be appropriate. In some cases, financial transactions were based on market interest rates below 30 basis points. In such cases, the lower sensitivity threshold was set at zero.

In accordance with IFRS 7, the effect on profit and equity of changes in the most important interest rates was analyzed. The scope of the analysis included variable-interest financial liabilities of EUR 134 million (December 31, 2012: EUR 339 million), interest derivatives of EUR 111 million (December 31, 2012: EUR 312 million) and cash and cash equivalents of EUR 119 million (December 31, 2012: EUR 255 million). The impact of interest rate fluctuations on future cash flows was not included in this analysis.

An increase in market interest rates by 100 basis points as of December 31, 2013 would have led to an increase in net income of EUR 1.2 million (2012: EUR 2.5 million) and an increase in Group equity of EUR 4.3 million (December 31, 2012: EUR 3.3 million). A decrease in market interest rates by 30 basis points would have led to a decrease of EUR 0.4 million (2012: EUR 0.8 million decrease) in net income and a EUR 1.3 million decrease (December 31, 2012: EUR 0.9 million decrease) in Group equity. The effects from interest rate derivatives would have resulted from changes in fair value. Cash flow risks would have mainly resulted from higher/lower interest income and expenses from cash and cash equivalents.

Based on the effects of interest changes on financial instruments illustrated by the sensitivity analysis, the effects of interest rate changes on the HUGO BOSS Group are classified as minor. Given the expansionary monetary policy, particularly by the European Central Bank and the Federal Reserve, management currently considers significant interest rate changes likely with a minor financial impact.

Currency risks

The currency risks of the HUGO BOSS Group essentially result from the global business activities and the Group's internal financing activities. In business operations, exchange rate risks mainly relate to receivables and liabilities (transaction risk), such as through the sourcing of goods in a currency other than the Group’s functional currency or through intercompany financing activities in Group companies that have a functional currency other than the euro.

Distribution activities in key markets are performed by Group companies, which place their orders directly with the Group. In order to centrally manage the exchange rate risk, intercompany orders are generally invoiced in local currency. The exchange rate risk thus results from the cash flow in local currency of the subsidiaries. The currency risks of the HUGO BOSS Group from business operations are mainly attributable to the business operations in the United States, Great Britain, Australia, Switzerland, Japan, Hong Kong and China as well as the purchasing activities of sourcing units in foreign currency.

Exchange rate risks also arise from the translation of the net assets employed at Group companies outside the eurozone and of their income and expenses (translation risk). The Group does not hedge this risk.  Notes to the consolidated financial statements, Currency translation

Exchange rate management for transaction risks is centrally performed for all Group companies. The primary objective is to mitigate the overall exchange rate exposure using natural hedges. Such hedges are based on the offsetting of exchange rate exposures from business operations throughout the Group against each other, thereby reducing the overall exposure requiring hedging measures by the amount of the closed positions.

Forward exchange contracts and swaps as well as plain vanilla currency options can be concluded to hedge the remaining exposures. The primary objective of the hedging strategy is to limit the effects of exchange rate fluctuations on the balance sheet. As a rule, the terms of the derivatives entered into are adjusted to the underlying hedged item when they are concluded. The derivative financial instruments, which are traded in the OTC market, are solely intended to hedge the risk intrinsic in hedged items. To obtain the best possible terms, quotes are requested from several banks and the transaction is concluded with the bank that offers the best terms.

Foreign currency risks in financing result from financial receivables and liabilities in foreign currency and loans in foreign currency granted to finance Group comapnies. A distinction is drawn between two types of agreements when granting loans to Group companies. Operating loans are structured similarly to an overdraft facility and can be drawn flexibly within a set credit limit. Financing loans are granted to Group companies with greater financing requirements. As of the reporting date, the main financing loans with repayment on final maturity were hedged using forward exchange contracts.

Group-wide guidelines ensure strict separation of the functions trading, handling and control for all financial market transactions. The same guidelines form the basis for the selection and scope of hedges. The objective of currency hedges is to minimize currency effects on the development of the Group's net income and equity.

The currency risk is determined based on the balance sheet currency exposure as of December 31, 2013. This approach is chosen by the HUGO BOSS Group based on its hedging strategy, which aims to minimize balance sheet risks. The exposures include cash, receivables and payables as well intercompany loans held in currencies other than the functional currency of each respective Group company. Effects from the translation of financial statements of foreign subsidiaries outside the eurozone are not taken into account.

Based on the requirements of IFRS 7, the HUGO BOSS Group has calculated the effects of changes in the most important exchange rates on net income and equity. The following sensitivity analyses show the net income and equity that would have resulted if different exchange rates had prevailed as of the reporting date. It is assumed that the balances as of the reporting date are representative for the entire year.

The historical volatility of the individual foreign currencies was factored in to present the fluctuation of the foreign currencies of relevance to the HUGO BOSS Group relative to the euro and satisfy the requirements of IFRS 7 with regards to the disclosure of a "reasonably possible change". This was calculated based on daily fluctuations over the past twelve months.

Had the euro appreciated against the foreign currency exposures of relevance by one standard deviation in each case the Group's net income would have been EUR 1.2 million higher (2012: EUR 0.5 million lower). Had the euro depreciated by the same amount, the Group's net income would have been EUR 1.2 million lower (2012: EUR 0.5 million higher). As of the reporting date, there were no derivatives designated as effective currency hedges within the meaning of IAS 39 reported directly in equity. The sensitivity of equity is thus reflected in the consolidated net income.

Management expects changes in the exchange rates of relevance to the HUGO BOSS to be likely in fiscal year 2014. The risk of exchange rate fluctuations and its impact on the earnings of the HUGO BOSS Group based on the above sensitivity analysis is classified as minor.

Credit risk

The credit risk related to financial institutions mainly results from the investment of liquid funds as part of liquidity management, from any short-term bank deposits and from trading in derivative financial instruments.

With respect to financial instruments, the Group is exposed to a (bank) default risk in connection with the possible failure of a contractual party to meet its obligations. The maximum amount involved is therefore the positive fair value of the financial instrument in question. To minimize the risk of default, the HUGO BOSS Group generally only contracts financial instruments for financing activities with counterparties that have excellent credit ratings and in compliance with set risk limits. Only in exceptional cases and subject to the approval of the Managing Board it is permitted within tight limits to hold time deposits and conclude derivative transactions with banks that have lower credit ratings. HUGO BOSS assumes that the concentration of risk is low and perceives the probability of counterparty default to be unlikely with a minor financial impact. Notes to the consolidated financial statements, Note 26

Share price risk

In contrast to the prior year, there were no share price risks as of the reporting date as there were no option rights from the stock appreciation rights program that could be exercised. Notes to the consolidated financial statements, Note 37

Tax risks

Tax issues are regularly analyzed and assessed by the central tax department in cooperation with external tax consultants. There are tax risks for all open assessment periods. These can result from current business operations or changes in the legal or tax structure of the Group. Sufficient provisions were recognized in prior fiscal years for known tax risks. The amount provided for is based on various assumptions such as interpretation of the respective legal requirements, latest court rulings and the opinion of the authorities, which is used as a basis by management to measure the loss amount and its likelihood of occurrence. It is also resorted to the opinion of local authorized experts such as lawyers or tax consultanting firms. On account of changes in the tax legislation of individual countries or diverging estimations of existing issues by the tax authorities, the Group assumes that additional tax risks are likely with minor financial impact.

Pension risks

The HUGO BOSS Group is exposed to risks in connection with defined benefit obligations. These can impact the net assets, financial position and results of operations of the Group. Pension commitments are measured on the basis of actuarial reports and accounted for accordingly. The main measurement parameters are the discount rate and the expected salary and pension trends. Future changes in measurement parameters can lead to an increase or decrease in pension provisions on subsequent reporting dates. Furthermore, changes in financial markets can affect the value of the plan assets available to cover the pension obligations. Furthermore, local pension regulations in specific countries can also lead to increased cash outflows. Pension risks and their effect on the net assets, financial position and results of operations are classified as likely with a minor financial impact. Notes to the consolidated financial statements, Provisions for pensions